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online on UT website . Hence the students could have access and answer the test
item of TM and immediately recognize the number of true answers they made.

In 2006 , TM essay test score did not contribute to the final grade, and in 2007
the format of TM changed to Latihan Mandiri or LM (self-directed practice),

namely sets of tasks or tests which were provided for student exercise in order to
enhance student's understanding or competencies. LM score did not contribute

to the final grade. Initially, contribution of TM score to the final grade was 20%
for subjects that requested practical work and 15 % for subjects that did not

request practical work. In 2005, the contribution became 15% for all subjects.
TM score was effective only for one semester. Generally, final semester test

score contributed to the final grade , however due to the students were not
compulsorily to do TM , often TM score was not available, and thus could not

contribute to the final grade. In this case, the final grade only came from the
final semester test score, if the scores of practical work, practicum, and tutorial
were not available as well.

Tutorial Task (Tugas Tutorial) . Tugas Tutorial was provided in several

tutorial models. Face-to-face tutorial (TTM/ tutorial tatap muka) was the first
model of tutorial which was developed in UT, in 1990 for the students of In-
service Primary School Teacher Education Program (PGSD) . Initially, this

tutorial score did not contributed to the final grade, however in 2000 this tutorial

score contributed to the final grade. TTM tutorial could facilitate students to
have structured and programmed learning and to train their abilities and skills
through the tasks delivered that they have from their tutor. Tutorial score

contributed to the final grade. In 2000 , UT provided the model of electron ic

tutorial (tutell tutorial elektronik) which contributed 10% to final grade and the
name was changed to become online tutorial (futon/tutorial online) in 2004. In
2005, both futon and written tutorial (tutis/tutorial tertulis) contributed 15% to the

final grade, while TTM tutorial contributed 30% to the final grade. Students

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