Page 108 - Proceeding The 2nd International Seminar of Science and Technology : Accelerating Sustainable Innovation Towards Society 5.0

nd
The 2 International Seminar of Science and Technology
“Accelerating Sustainable innovation towards Society 5.0”
ISST 2022 FST UT 2022
Universitas Terbuka
E. coli that produce toxins associated with Crohn's disease, diarrhea,
and bleeding. While E. coli ExPEC is associated with urinary tract
infections, neonatal sepsis (blood infection in newborns), meningitis,
mastitis, etc [9]. E. coli is also known to cause infections in medical
devices such as prosthetic grafts and joints, shunts, and catheters
[10]. Usually, E. coli infection is treated with antibiotic, but it is known
that E. coli has the ability to be resistant to antibiotics which leads to
problems to in treating infectious diseases caused by E. coli.
According to Poirel et al., [11], E. coli is a bacterium that can resist
with many groups of antibiotics. Below is Table. 1 that shows the
resistance of E. coli to various types of antibiotics:
Table 1. Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli.
No. Antibiotic References
1. Ampicilin, amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, [12]
norfloxacin,cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, dan
co-trimoxazole.
2. Tetracycline, phenicol, sulphonamide, [11]
trimetoprim, and fosfomycin
3. Ciprofloxacin, beta-lactam, quinolone, [13]
aminoglycoside, sulphonamide, dan
fosfomycin.

E. coli is resistant to many antibiotics such as ampicillin, norfloxacin,
tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, etc (Table. 1). Olorunmola et al., [14]
reported, from 137 isolates of E. coli that cause urinary tract infection,
some of them had resistance to the following antibiotics: ofloxacin
(51.1%), ciprofloxacin (65.7%), nalidixic acid (67.2%), gentamicin
(82.5%), tmp (85.4%), Augmentin (88.3%), norfloxacin (86.9%),
erythromycin (93.4%), amoxicillin (94.2%), and tetracycline (96.4%).
The antibiotics resistance can be caused by extrinsic and intrinsic
factors. Extrinsic factors are related to over-used and over-prescribed
of antibiotics [15] [13]. Intrinsic factors include the structure of the outer
membrane of E. coli as a gram-negative bacteria that is impermeable
to molecules that enter the cell [13], horizontal gene transfer

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International Seminar of Science and Technology “Accelerating Sustainable
Towards Society 5.0