Page 106 - Proceeding The 2nd International Seminar of Science and Technology : Accelerating Sustainable Innovation Towards Society 5.0

nd
The 2 International Seminar of Science and Technology
“Accelerating Sustainable innovation towards Society 5.0”
ISST 2022 FST UT 2022
Universitas Terbuka
1 INTRODUCTION
Biofilm is a group of microbial cells that live in a matrix of extracellular
polymeric substance (EPS). EPS is a matrix secreted by microbes
which consists of long chain of carbohydrates, DNA, and other
biological macromolecules [1]. Biofilm help microbes attach to biotic
or abiotic surfaces and have a role in increasing infection. More than
75% of diseases by microbial infections cause of biofilm formation, for
example, bone infections, otitis media (inflammation of the middle
ear), periodontitis (tooth infection), caries dental, lung infections,
urinary tract infections, postoperative infections and bacteraemia, also
nosocomial infections associated with Staphylococcus aureus,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli microbes
[2][3].
Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium that has the ability to
secrete biofilm. Physiological properties of biofilm able to increase the
tolerance of E. coli to environmental stress, immune system of the
host, and even biocides (including antibiotics) [4]. Harper et al., [1]
reported that bacteria in biofilm showed a higher resistance to
antibiotics up to 1000 times when compared to bacteria that live freely
or planktonic. Lebeaux et al.,[5] also added that bacterial cells that
have formed a biofilm or sessile are more difficult to be treated by
antibiotics due to the exopolysaccharide and extracellular DNA
(eDNA) of the biofilm matrix make antibiotic molecules difficult to
penetrate it. Therefore, an antibiofilm agent is needed to treat E. coli
infection. One of the antibiofilm agents that have the potential are
bacteriophage.
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. There are two types
of bacteriophages, lysogenic bacteriophages that infect bacteria by
entering the bacterial genome and killing the bacteria; and lytic
bacteriophages that can replicate within the host bacterial cell and
produce new individual phage that can infect more bacteria. These
lysogenic and lytic mechanism that helps bacteriophages infect
bacteria in the biofilm. Apart from being natural predators,
bacteriophages are also not affected by antibiotic resistance.

ISST 2022 – FST Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia 85
International Seminar of Science and Technology “Accelerating Sustainable
Towards Society 5.0