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moving  through ,  enforcing  all  staff  to  change  themselves  and  achieve  defined
             targets .

                 Nowadays  in  2009 ,  UT  has  significantly  developed  itself  to  be  a  well

             respected  distance  higher  education  institution.  This  has  been  an  achievement
             following  long  and  tedious  effort  and  hard  work.  UT  has  been  working  hard  for

             over  twenty  fo~r years  since  its  inception  in  4 September  1984  to  put  plans  into
             reality . Success  that  is  booked  now  is  an  accumulation  of a series  of  successes
             - the  activities  of  which  have  been  done  since  1984.  During  the  period  of  1984-

             2000,  UT  spent  its  effort  to  lay  the  foundation  for  further  development  of  the
             university.  Meanwhile,  the  following  period  of  2001-2009  has  witnessed  the
             reform  era  of  bureaucracy  in  which  UT  made  significant  steps  of  reinventing

             itself.  Its  distance  education  practices  that  have  been  implemented  in  the
             previous  16  years  were  reviewed  and  revised  for  improvement.  Principles, norms
             and  ethics  in  distance  higher  education  institution  were  rev iewed,  clarified,  and

             subsequently  redefined .  When  redefinition  is  eventually  made ,  it  is  merely  for
             one  purpose, that is , to  achieve  the  vision  of UT  by  2010  and  2020 .

                Changes  move  on  like  an  orchestra  that  needs  a lot  of  talented  players  who

             play  various  kinds  of  musical  instruments  but  they  are  based  on  the  same
             musical  scores.  As  an  orchestra,  a conductor,  of  course,  is  needed.  He/she  will
             perform  his/her  role  as  arranger  or  designer,  steward  and  teacher.  During  the

             period  of  2001-2009 , Prof.  Dr.  M.  Atwi  Suparman , MSc  has  been  performing  his
             role  as  a  conductor  of  an  orchestra  called  UT.  As  a  Rector,  Prof.  Dr.  M.  Atwi
             Suparman ,  MSc  has  inspired ,  initiated,  as  well  as  led  the  process  of  UT

             exploration  to  re-establish  its  identity  as  a  well  respected  distance  higher
             education  institution  and  become  the  captain  of  the  change  process. As  such , it

             is  reasonable  indeed  that  this  invaluable  book  is  specially  dedicated  to  Prof.  Dr.
             M. Atwi  Suparman ,  MSc.,  as  a  manifestation  of  respect  and  appreciation  on  his
             visionary leadership  of  8 years  of being  the  captain  of UT.  So  many  lessons  have

             been  learned ,  so  many  precious  experiences  can  be  learned  from  him.  Also,



             iv
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