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Trends in Science and Technology 221
for Sustainable Living

animals. Clitoria ternatea flower extract has also been reported
to exhibit anthelmintic activity, larvicidal activity, anti-aging
qualities, hepatoprotective effects, testicular injury protection, anti-
adipogenesis activity, and starch digestion in other investigations
(Chayaratanasin et al., 2019; Nirmal et al., 2015; Zakaria et al., 2018).
The flower contains tannins, phlobatannins, carbohydrates,
saponins, triterpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, flavanols, glycosides,
cardiac glycosides, proteins, alkaloids, anthraquinones,
anthocyanins, stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione, essential oil, and
steroids (Al-Snafi, 2016). Fresh floral extracts have a higher level
of anthocyanin than processed powders. The anthocyanins in
the blooms degrade when they are heated or boiled. The flowers
contain flavanol glycosides such kaempferol 3-O-(200-O-a-
rhamnosyl-600-O-malonyl)-glucoside, myricetin 3-O-(200,600-
di-O-a-rhamnosyl)-glucoside, and quercetin 3-O-(200-O-a-
rhamnosyl-600-O-malonil)-glucoside. The delphinidin derivatives
rutin, quercetin 3-O-dirhamnoside, manghaslin quercetin 3-[2G],
ternatin B3, ternatin D3, and numerous others are produced by the
flowers-rhamnosylrutinoside, ternatins B2, B4, C2, and D1, as well as
ternatins (Suveena et al., 2022).
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant microbes significantly
limits the effectiveness of current drugs, leading to treatment
failures. In light of these challenges, alternative approaches must
be developed apart from searching for new antibacterial
compounds. The use of medicinal plants and botanical chemicals
to heal various diseases and personal adornment is as old as
human civilization (Dewatisari, 2022; Dewatisari, 2009). Extracts
from different parts of Clitoria ternatea have shown varying
efficacy against tested microorganisms. These differences may be
attributed to the nature and level of antimicrobial agents in the
extracts and their mode of action on different test microorganisms
(Barbour et al., 2004). Therefore, Clitoria ternatea flowers can
be used as a natural antibacterial source or as a supplement
in the development of the food or pharmaceutical industry
(Chayaratanasin et al., 2019; Shen et al., 2016).