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Trends in Science and Technology 215
for Sustainable Living

mirabilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, B. subtilis, B. cereus, Streptococcus
faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella
typhi, Enterobacter aerogens, Herbaspirillum spp, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using the agar disc
diffusion technique, the flower demonstrated the most significant
antibacterial activity against B. thuringiensis with a minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 mg/mL and a minimum
bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 25 mg/mL, with a zone of
inhibition of 15.7 mm (Kamilla et al., 2009). Clitoria ternatea flower
extract (4 mg) has been shown to inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa,
E. coli, and K. pneumoniae but showed no activity against S. typhi and
S. enteritidis. P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae had the maximum
zone of inhibition of 26 mm (Dhanasekaran et al., 2019).
Anthocyanin extracts from Clitoria ternatea flowers have
been found to exhibit potent antibacterial activity against K.
pneumoniae with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 1.6
mg/mL and a Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC) of 25 mg/mL.
With a disc diffusion zone of inhibition of 10 mm, the anthocyanin
fraction derived from the ethanol extract of Clitoria ternatea flowers
had the best impact against B. subtilis. The results indicate that
anthocyanins are antimicrobial (Mahmad et al., 2018).
The methanol extract of Clitoria ternatea flowers was
found to have more robust inhibitory activity compared to other
extracts against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, and Salmonella typhi (Chakraborty
et al., 2017). The efficiency of different solvent extractions against
the examined bacteria varied. These variations could be ascribed
to the type and concentration of antimicrobial compounds
contained in the extract and their mechanism of action on various
test bacteria (Balouiri et al., 2016). The maximum inhibitory zone
against P. aeruginosa was demonstrated by ethyl acetate extract
of Clitoria ternatea (21 mm). In comparison, the maximum inhibitory
zone against A. formicans was demonstrated by ethanol extract of
Clitoria ternatea (18 mm) and the maximum inhibitory zone against
S. agalactiae was demonstrated by acetone extract (19 mm) (Al-
Snafi, 2016).