Page 301 - Trends in Science and Technology fo Sustainable Living

262 Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi
Universitas Terbuka (2023)

raising fish and other aquatic organisms. Fish or aquatic organisms
are placed in ponds or containers that are usually filled with
uncirculated water in this arrangement. The fish food will generate
waste, including uneaten food and fish feces. This waste can lead
to the buildup of toxins that are toxic to fish and the environment
(Avnimelech, 2014).
Alternatively, some are given a brief circulation in a pool or
container filled with water. The water in the pond is either allowed to
flow freely or is controlled by a basic circulation system. This strategy
relies on regular water changes to ensure good water quality.

b. 1970s period:
In the 1970s, water-recirculating systems were created
to improve the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture. This
system employs modern technology to improve water quality
control through the employment of mechanical and biological
filters, as well as the addition of supplemental oxygen. Although the
RAS system offers numerous advantages, such as more efficient
water use and improved water quality control, it also has downsides.
One disadvantage is the high expense of running and maintaining
this system (Avnimelech, 2014).

c. 1980s period:
In recent years, there has been a growing understanding of
the need to manage water quality and fish health in aquaculture.
However, awareness of water quality and its impact on fish growth
could have been much higher. However, aquaculturists gradually
realized the need to maintain high water quality to promote fish
health and growth. Biofilter technology was created, which uses
microorganisms to transform fish waste into safer substances.
Biofilters aid in regulating ammonia and nitrite levels in pond water,
allowing for more effective fish farming (Avnimelech, 2014).