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Trends in Science and Technology 265
for Sustainable Living

3. Integrated Biofloc Technology and Hydroponic
Aquaponics greenhouse is a symbiotic system that blends
conventional aquaculture with hydroponic greenhouse. Animal
waste accumulates in conventional aquaculture, increasing
water toxicity, but in an aquaponics greenhouse, the fish waste is
converted into plant nourishment by decomposing it into nitrates.
Nitrogen is essential for all living organisms (Pratt & Cornely,
2014). The ammoniacal nitrogen excreted by fish is an essential
nitrogen source for plant development (Timmons et al., 2002). The
fish waste-carrying water is then transferred into the aquaculture
system, where the nutrients are converted to nitrate by biological
nitrification, denitrification, and plant absorption (Junge, 2009;
Zou et al., 2016). Aquaponics is a potentially long-term technique
for recycling nitrogen-rich effluent while producing excellent-
quality crops such as vegetables and fish (Wongkiewa et al., 2016).
Aquaponic is shown in Figure 2.
Greenhouse

Plant tank
Filter water
Drain system
Nutrient rich
water

Fish tank
Sumber: Pantazi et al., 2019
Figure 2. The Schematic Aquaponics System

Aquaponics and biofloc-based aquaculture are
environmentally benign methods of food production. Both intensive
aquaculture systems heavily emphasize fertilizer recycling and
water conservation (Boyd et al., 2020; Rocha, A.F., Biazetti, F.M.L., &
Stech MR, S.R., 2017). FLOCponics share these traits. FLOCponics
can become an additional means of mitigating the issues of
global sustainable food supply by incorporating the principles of