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Asian Association of Open Universities (AAOU) 163

teachers who first engaged in online mobile devices (Inquirer.net, 2020).
teaching. 5. Together with the research on open
2. From 2009-2012, learning communities education practices, universal access
became a subject of research which to learning also became a subject of
implies the proliferation of student- research which resulted to a publication
formed online communities. Using the on Universal Design for Learning in the
ICT-enabled platform, specifically the context of online learning in 2020.
Web2.0, students became connected
with each other and socialization REFERENCES
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which is a major concern among DE Bandalaria, M.P. (2019). Universal access
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an investigation of the profile of learners Dalton (eds), In Universal Access
enrolled in the DE programs with the Through Inclusive Instructional Design.
conclusion that, indeed, the profile has International Perspectives on UDL
changed during the 10 years of DE in the (Chapter 24). Routledge.
country. Bandalaria, M. (2019). Facing the present
3. From 2013 onwards, many research and future challenges through
papers that were published and eLearning. In Philippine Star. 28 July
presented in the conferences tackled 2019. https://www.pressreader.
the open education initiatives like Open com/philippines/the-philippine-
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Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Bandalaria, M. (2009). e-Learning in
This also implies that this was the period the Philippines: Trends, Directions,
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4. From 2015, social media became the mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#search/M-
subject of research probably because learning+modules/FMfcgxRmdNwxwXH
of the increasing engagement among MJWZQtFVDggrdXpMV?projector=1&m
learners using the social media essagePartId=0.1
platforms. Although Facebook launched
its Philippine office only in April 2016, at
that time, there were already 49 million
Filipinos on the social networking site, 44
million of whom were accessing it using

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