Page 147 - Proceeding The 2nd International Seminar of Science and Technology : Accelerating Sustainable Innovation Towards Society 5.0

nd
The 2 International Seminar of Science and Technology
“Accelerating Sustainable innovation towards Society 5.0”
ISST 2022 FST UT 2022
Universitas Terbuka
quantity of nutrients for feeding animals. However, the level of
nutritional difference between waste-based feeds that have
undergone heat treatment and those that have undergone
fermentation may not be a crucial factor in selecting a waste treatment
technique. The decision is mostly based on variations in feed stability
and safety brought on by different treatment techniques. It would be
necessary to accurately characterize food waste variability and cross-
examine nutritional profiles across various food waste treatment
techniques to incorporate food waste into commercial animal diets.
Food waste is frequently given to ruminants and poultry in
impoverished countries in their natural state. It is technically more
difficult since fish feeds must be treated to enhance the nutrient profile
and water stability. The nutritional composition of food waste must
always be assessed batch by batch and changed before being given
to cattle in industrial farms. Technically, it is more difficult. The feed
mixture was stabilized and given a longer shelf life thanks to ensiling,
which entails adding microbial or yeast agents after heating or
sterilizing food waste. One research, for instance, described using
probiotics to aerobically ferment kitchen waste for 24 hours at 30 to 40
°C before delivering the completed product to farms to feed livestock.
The percentage of food waste used to replace conventional materials
in commercial animal diets varies from 10% to 100%. Varied quantities
of food waste were replaced for commercial diets to produce various
FCR values, which are calculated as the feed intake to weight growth.
Lowest reported FCR values for various amounts of replacement in
each experiment, such as those that achieved the best animal growth
performance, correlate to the optimal food waste inclusion levels.
Animal growth performance in response to various degrees of food
waste replacement was affected by the source and quality of the waste
materials under study, the species and age of the animals, and the
duration of the feeding trials. Diets for Nile tilapia should contain no
more than 20% to 25% food waste, yielding FCR values of 1.5 to 1.1.
Restaurant food waste with FCR values between 3.0 and 5.6 may
replace 20 to 50 percent of the feed for commercial shepherds [31].

126 ISST 2022 – FST Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia
International Seminar of Science and Technology “Accelerating Sustainable
Towards Society 5.0